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Understanding the Impacts of Hurricane Helene on Prescribed Fires and Wildfires

In the aftermath of Hurricane Helene, there is heightened concern of the increased risk of wildfires from the fuel loads present. A disturbance, like a hurricane, can alter the movement and behavior of wildfires and prescribed fires across the landscape. Land managers, fire practitioners, and natural resource managers are trying to understand the future implications of prescribed fire and wildfires and how the accumulation of debris will play a critical role in the intensity, severity, and behavior of fire. There is much to understand on how fuels have changed and what this means for the future of these forests.  

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Southern Forest Outlook Southern Research Station | General Technical Report SRS-280 | May 2025
Written by Lars Pomara, Nicholas Gould, Sandhya Nepal, Kristen Emmett, Scott Goodrick, and Danny Lee, USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station
Report Abstract: This report in support of the Southern Forest Outlook assesses current and future risks associated with wildfire and smoke in the Southern United States, through a synthesis of literature review and new analysis. Ongoing and future changes in climate, forests, and society present complex wildfire risk challenges, but pathways exist to build forest resilience and mitigate risk.
Full advisory PDF. 
https://doi.org/10.2737/SRS-GTR-280
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Spring 2025 Fuels and Fire Behavior Advisory: Southern Appalachian Mountains and Foothills
Issued by the Southern Area Decision Support in coordination with state and federal partners.
The conditions this year, particularly in the month of March 2025, have led to low relative humidities, a rainfall deficit, and extremely low fuel moisture. These environmental occurrences in conjunction with post - Helene fuels, are displaying uncharacteristic wildfire behavior in the southern Appalachian Mountains of Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Tennessee. 

Full advisory PDF. 
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Hurricane Helene Strategic Wildfire Rapid Risk Assessment
This strategic wildfire rapid risk assessment seeks to identify areas where hurricane disturbance may compound existing wildfire risks to inform post-hurricane fuels management priorities and wildfire response  strategies. The report was last edited on March 7, 2025. 

Full report PDF. 
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Fuels and Fire Management Considerations for Hurricane Helene Damaged Areas
This document provides fuel loading and modeling guidance, fire behavior expectations, and fire management considerations for both wildfire response and prescribed fire implementation for each of the hurricane damage severity categories: catastrophic, severe, moderate, light. 

Full report PDF. 
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Addressing Hurricane Helene's Disturbance: A Customized Mapping and Data Integration Solution by LANDFIRE
Hurricane Helene's landfall during the final days of the 2024 fiscal year challenged LANDFIRE to capture disturbances in time for the LF 2024 Preliminary Disturbance product. Just months after the hurricane, LANDFIRE responded with a targeted mapping effort, incorporating external data source to ensure timely and accurate information in the LF 2024 release. 

Full report PDF. 
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Research: The influence of experimental wind disturbance on forest fuels and fire characteristics
Jeffery B. Cannon, Joseph J. O’Brien, E. Louise Loudermilk, Matthew B. Dickinson, Chris J. Peterson, “The influence of experimental wind disturbance on forest fuels and fire characteristics,” Forest Ecology and Management, Volume 330, 2014, Pages 294-303, ISSN 0378-1127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.07.021

Full Research Article PDF.
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Research: Analysis of Forest Change Detection Induced by Hurricane Helene Using Remote Sensing Data
Ansari, R.A.; Esimaje, T.; Ibrahim, O.M.; Mulrooney, T. Analysis of Forest Change Detection Induced by Hurricane Helene Using Remote Sensing Data. Forests 2025, 16, 788. https://doi.org/10.3390/ f16050788

Full Research Article PDF.
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Greg Philipp, assistant fire management operator for the National Forests in North Carolina, assesses fire damage on the proposed Graveyard Mountain salvage unit during the North Fork Fire. 

(USDA Forest Service photo by Lisa Jennings. )

Wildfire in Wake of Hurricane Helene
Dana Hodde, National Forests in North Carolina

Full Article.
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©2022 Consortium of Appalachian Fire Managers & Scientists 

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